"Specified directory service attribute or value does not exist" when trying to set Exchange 5.5 custom attributes
The custom attributes are internally named "Extension-Attribute-1", "Extension-Attribute-2" etc. in the directory no matter what you have called them in Exchange Administrator.
Example
Set Exchange custom attribute 1
Exchange.55.Mailbox.SetProperty %servername2%, %ExchContPath%, %username%, $Extension-Attribute-1, test